The location of the municipality of Rohr im Gebirge at the source of the Schwarza, a valley river that is difficult to access from the south, meant that settlement occurred very late, about which the sources report very little. The Lords of Traisma are probably to be considered the first owners of the large forest area documented in writing. In 1194, the municipal area came to the Duchy of Steyr and was thus south of the Austrian-Styrian border, which ran upstream along the Piesting to Unterberg and then north and west of Rohr via Gippel and Göller.

The union of the Duchies of Austria below the Enns and Styria brought Rohr under the influence of the princely rule of Gutenstein with the construction of Gutenstein Castle, mentioned in a document for the first time in 1220; until 1848, it was the administrative and judicial center for the subjects living in individual farms and scattered settlements. The people of Rohr lived, especially since the 13th century, from forestry. Charcoal and many wooden goods were produced; these products were primarily sold on the timber market in Wiener Neustadt. They were exchanged for goods that were not lacking in the plain, namely grain, salt, and wine. The first written mention of wood processing occurred in 1244 in a toll letter.

In 1427, the designation "auf'm Roer" appears for the first time in written tradition; at the same time, we also find the first farm names mentioned in a document. In 1428, the Krumbachtal was listed under a "Gschaidl" against the Halbachtal. But also the Winsaberg - the transition into the Klostertal - already appeared in the 15th century.

In 1470, the already existing church in Rohr was elevated to a parish; it emerged from the princely parish of Schwarzau im Gebirge and was a manorial institution. The Reformation and the transition of the rule of Gutenstein from princely possession into the hands of various noble families brought the new doctrine to the village in the 16th century. It is reported that the church was orphaned and subjected to a Protestant preacher hired by Count Sigismund von Herberstein. In 1569, a Catholic priest, probably the pastor of Schwarzau, was appointed again, but the parish was not re-established until 1622.

The urbar of the rule of Gutenstein, created in the same year 1569, lists 35 farm and settlement names in the Rohr office, with the place Rohr with 26 farmsteads forming a local center. In 1595, the rule of Gutenstein received a new owner in the family of the barons of Hoyos. From the middle of the 16th century, timber production experienced an enormous upswing. In addition, there was a flourishing iron processing industry, which used charcoal and water power. Oral tradition tells us that a small hammer was pounding in the south of the village (today Lichtwerk Johann Wieser). The production of bark was also of great importance, as was the lime burning industry.

The banntaiding recorded in 1597, a written summary of the rights, duties, and services of the inhabitants of Rohr and Schwarzau, provides a good insight into the life of the inhabitants of the office; thus, a court day was to be held every year at Philippi and Jakobi. Furthermore, the people of Rohr should be able to bring food from the “Neustadt” toll-free. The binding measure of grain was the Neustädter Metzen. For their wood products

, the farmers of Piesting and Rohr had to pay no toll. The land register created in 1629 first mentions a certain Grieshofer as bailiff.

In 1716, the church building, which has Saint Ulrich as its patron saint, was enlarged and equipped with an onion dome in 1761. The gradual increase in population in the second half of the 18th century led to the establishment of a school, which had its first accommodation in the property of the farmer Wieser and in which a "schoolmistress" named Anna Winter taught. A separate school building was built in 1782.

The year 1848 brought the end of the manorial authority over the community, or its inhabitants. Florian Sommer was the first freely elected mayor of the now town of Rohr im Gebirge. The task of this new municipality was to improve the infrastructure of the community. In 1877, the Rohr post office was opened and a passenger transport service by means of a stagecoach to Gutenstein was made possible. With the construction of the Leobersdorf-Gutenstein railway line, 1877, a shift of passenger and economic traffic towards Piestingtal took place. The expansion or new construction of the road from Gutenstein via the Rohrer Sattel and further from Rohr via the Ochsattel into the Traisental, from 1884 to 1894, ended the community's seclusion from the world. In addition, a traffic connection Gutenstein-Rohr via the Haselrast was created in 1910. In the years 1878/79, the old church was demolished and rebuilt in its current form. A new school building was erected from 1886 to 1888.

New major changes in the economic and social structure of the community occurred in the period between the two world wars; unemployment and devaluation of money also had their effect in Rohr. Resettlement, desolation of farmsteads and a decline in communal services were the result. The establishment of a regular bus connection Gutenstein-Mariazell brought many visitors and the beginning of tourism. Our thanks go out to the Gemeinde, who provided the German version of Rohr's history.